Hematopoietic Stem Cell

Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs)

Hematopoietic Stem Cells have been used in the traditional treatment for lymphoma and severe autoimmune through bone marrow transplantation in 40 years ago. Stem cells that turn into blood cells are called hematopoietic stem cells. These cells are capable of developing into the three types of blood cells:

red blood cells that carry oxygen
white blood cells that fight infection
platelets that help blood to clot

Hematopoietic stem cells can be found in bone marrow (the spongy tissue inside bones), the bloodstream, or the umbilical cord blood of newborn babies. A stem cell transplant (sometimes called a bone marrow transplant) can replenish a patient’s supply of healthy hematopoietic stem cells after they have been depleted. It’s used to treat a wide range of diseases, including cancers like leukemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, and certain testicular or ovarian cancers; blood disorders; immune system diseases; and bone marrow syndromes. Transplanted hematopoietic stem cells are put into the bloodstream through an intravenous (IV) line, much like a blood transfusion. Once in the body, they can produce healthy new blood and immune system cells.

1. WHO

• Adult

2. WHAT

• Bone-marrow, Peripheral Blood by apheresis, Cord Blood(Tissue)

3. WHEN

• Always in good health or biopsy for patient’s disease diagnosis.

4. WHERE

• Bone-marrow puncture, Apheresis(leukapheresis) after injection G-CSF, Cord
• Storage : companies, hospitals, laboratories
* G-csf : granulocyte colony stimulating factor

5. WHY

The reason to collect and storage
• for public – research
• for private – self health against diseases

6. HOW

• Plantation after cultivation or non-cultivation

7. Application (included diseases under investigation)

• Malignant lymphoma, Multiple myeloma, Acute myeloid leukemia, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Breast Cancer, Ovarian cancer, Germinoma, Neuroblastoma, Ewing’s tumor, Wilm’s tumor, Osteosarcoma, Autoimmune diseases in conventional treatment fail(Systemic sclerosis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Multiple sclerosis, Systemic lupus erythematous) Myocardial infarction, Diabetes, Cerebral infarction, Spinal cord injury, Liver cirrhosis, Ischemic Peripheral Vascular Disease, etc.

[Illust-04:Types of Hematopoietic Stem Cell by allstemcells.com

Types of Stem Cell Transplants

The two main types of stem cell transplants are autologous and allogeneic. The type of transplant needed will depend on the patient’s specific medical condition and the availability of a matching donor.

Name	Description
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant	With this type of transplant, patients act as their own donor. That is, a patient who is about to undergo cancer treatment will have his or her own stem cells removed (harvested) and frozen for later use. After the patient receives chemotherapy and/or radiation, the stem cells are thawed and put back into the patient’s body. This procedure may be done once or many times, depending on the need. Sometimes doctors will use extra-high doses of chemotherapy during treatment (to kill as many cancer cells as possible) if they know a patient will be getting a stem cell transplant soon after.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.	With an allogeneic transplant, the stem cells come from a donor – often a sibling but sometimes another volunteer – whose cells are considered a "match" for the patient. The process of finding a match is called tissue typing (or HLA [human leukocyte antigen] typing). HLA is a protein on the surface of blood cells. Basically, the more "HLA markers" a patient and the potential donor have in common, the greater the chance that the transplant will be successful. Unlike with an autologous transplant, there is a risk of a patient’s body rejecting the donated cells. Sometimes, despite the donor being a good match, the transplant simply may not take. Other times, the donor cells can begin to make immune cells that attack the recipient’s body. This condition is called graft-versus-host disease, and can be quite serious. Fortunately, most cases are successfully treated with steroids and other medications. Sometimes, an upside of graft-versus-host disease is that the newly transplanted cells recognize the body’s cancer cells as different or foreign, and actually work to fight them.

Name

Description

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant

With this type of transplant, patients act as their own donor. That is, a patient who is about to undergo cancer treatment will have his or her own stem cells removed (harvested) and frozen for later use. After the patient receives chemotherapy and/or radiation, the stem cells are thawed and put back into the patient’s body.

This procedure may be done once or many times, depending on the need. Sometimes doctors will use extra-high doses of chemotherapy during treatment (to kill as many cancer cells as possible) if they know a patient will be getting a stem cell transplant soon after.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

With an allogeneic transplant, the stem cells come from a donor – often a sibling but sometimes another volunteer – whose cells are considered a "match" for the patient. The process of finding a match is called tissue typing (or HLA [human leukocyte antigen] typing). HLA is a protein on the surface of blood cells. Basically, the more "HLA markers" a patient and the potential donor have in common, the greater the chance that the transplant will be successful.
Unlike with an autologous transplant, there is a risk of a patient’s body rejecting the donated cells. Sometimes, despite the donor being a good match, the transplant simply may not take. Other times, the donor cells can begin to make immune cells that attack the recipient’s body. This condition is called graft-versus-host disease, and can be quite serious. Fortunately, most cases are successfully treated with steroids and other medications.
Sometimes, an upside of graft-versus-host disease is that the newly transplanted cells recognize the body’s cancer cells as different or foreign, and actually work to fight them.

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ALL STEM CELLS

Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs)

Types of Stem Cell Transplants

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