Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Potentiality

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells have potentiality of tissue regeneration and repair. They are known for their ability to self-renew and differentiate into diverse lineages while maintaining low immunogenicity.

History of Bone Marrow Stem Cells

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were first identified in the 1960s by Ernest A McCulloch and James E. Till as being a clonal source of cells for further use.
Further experiments in the 1970s and 80s by Friedenstein et al. expanded upon the potential of MSCs by demonstrating their capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation.

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The therapeutic potential for MSCs.

Stem cells are defined by their potency, the capacity to differentiate into a variety of cells, and cell lineages.
Embryonic stem cells, as their name implies, are cultured from the inner cell mass of blastocysts during early embryonic development and have received a good deal of attention due to their potential for misuse and ethical consideration. These cells are undifferentiated at the time of harvest and therefore are pluripotent with the ability to develop into any cell type. MSCs are an adult stem cell isolated not only from bone marrow but also from most adult tissue including adipose, liver, amniotic fluid,lung, skeletal muscle, and kidney. However, one advantage of bone marrow is the ease with which these cells are cultured. Furthermore, their differentiation into osteocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes, hepatocytes, and myocytes has been extensively characterized, with the further possibility of differentiation into cardiomyocytes and neurons.





Even more recent investigations suggest that MSCs can differentiate into endodermal lineage as well.

There are many reasons why researchers have been enamored by MSCs. Even though only a small percentage of cells in the bone marrow are MSCs, they are easily isolated because of their affinity and adherence to plastic. Even a small number of MSC can multiply into millions of cells under the right culture conditions. Extensive protocols have been delineated for culturing stem cells in a variety of animals including humans. MSCs do not express MHC II rendering them nonimmunogenic, thus precluding the need for lifelong immunosuppression with allogenic transplantation. Also, intravenous injection allows for safe, fast, and easy transplantation of MSCs into the host.
We expect to these cells’ all-purpose potentiality in current and future applications in regenerative medicine.
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Source : Stem Cells International / Volume 2010, Article ID 765167, 5 pages




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